Respiration (breathing) consists of inspiration (breathing in) and expiration (breathing out). By feeling the pulse we can count the rate at which the heart beats (see Unit 5). You can feel it at certain points on the body. When the heart relaxes blood flows into it from the veins.Įvery time the heart beats it sends a pulse along the arteries. When the heart beats its muscles contract and sends blood out through the arteries. The capillaries pass through every part of the body. Joining the arteries and veins is a fine network of small tubes called capillaries. The blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart are called arteries. It is a muscular pump which sends blood around the body. The organs of the circulatory system are the heart and the blood vessels (tubes). Waste matter collects in the rectum and passes out of the body through the anus (or cloaca in birds). The action of these juices is to break down the feed and allow the nourishment it contains to be absorbed by the blood in the walls of the intestine. This then passes into the intestine where bile from the liver and juices from the pancreas are added. In the stomach feed is mixed with the juices to form a soft paste. The digestive system consists of the teeth, mouth, gullet (oesophagus), stomach, liver, intestine, pancreas, and rectum.ĭigestion begins in the mouth where feed is broken down into small pieces by the teeth and mixed with saliva before being swallowed. If you bend your arm you can see and feel the muscles in your arm working. The muscles are the meat of the body and when they contract (shorten) or relax (lengthen) they make the bones move. Muscles are joined at both ends to the bones.
Each bone has a name such as the scapula (shoulder blade) and skull (head). Bones are very hard and contain minerals. Between the bones is a softer material called cartilage (gristle) which cushions the bones at the joints when the body moves. The bones are held together at the joints by elastic strands called ligaments. The places where this happens are called joints. It carries weight and supports the body.īones are connected together so they can move. This system consists of the bones and the muscles (meat).The bones form the skeleton which is the framework within the body. Protect against infectious diseases, produce blood Testes, penis ovaries, uterus, vagina, vulva, udder Pass messages around the body, control the body The brood carries substances around the body Various organs are grouped together to form a body system which carries out a special job. The liver has many jobs and is involved in more than one system.
The kidneys are organs which get rid of water and poisonous materials from the body as urine.
It has a special job or jobs to do.Ī body system consists of a number of organs which work together to carry out a special job.Īfter studying this unit you should know:Ģ The position of the main organs within the body.Īn organ is a complex structure with a special job or a number of jobs to do. Special cells come together to make an organ.Īn organ is a complex structure within the body. The body is made up of many, many millions of cells which you can not see unless you use a microscope.
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